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Type 304 (S30400)
Type 304 is a variant of the 18-8 grade, Type 302. It contains more chromium and less carbon. The lower carbon content reduces chromium carbide formation during welding, decreasing the risk of intergranular corrosion. Therefore, Type 304 can often be used in the “as-welded” condition. In contrast, Type 302 typically requires annealing after welding to maintain corrosion resistance.
Type 304L (S30403)
Type 304L is a low-carbon version of Type 304, with a maximum carbon content of 0.03%. This minimizes carbide precipitation during welding. As a result, 304L can be used in the “as-welded” state, even in highly corrosive environments. Annealing is generally unnecessary unless stress relief is specified. However, 304L has slightly lower mechanical properties compared to Type 304.
Common Applications
These stainless steels are commonly used in architectural moldings and trim, kitchen equipment, and welded components in the chemical, textile, paper, pharmaceutical, and chemical processing industries.
| Weight % | C | Mn | Si | Cr | Ni | P | S | Se | Fe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| minimum | — | — | — | 18.00 | 8.00 | — | — | 0.15 | Remainder |
| maximum | 0.08 (304) 0.03 (304L) | 2.00 | 1.00 | 20.00 | 10.50 (304) 12.00 (304L) | 0.045 | 0.03 | — |
| Characteristics | English | Metric | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal density (68°F/20°C) | 0.29 lbs/in3 | 8.00 g/cm3 | |
| Melting range | 2550°F-2650°F | 1400°C-1450°C | |
| Specific heat
(212 °F/100°C) |
0.12 BTU/lb – °F | 500 J/KG- °K | |
| Coefficient of thermal
expansion |
32°F – 212°F
0°C – 100°C |
9.6 micro in/in- °F | 17.2 micro m/m- °K |
| 32°F – 600°F
0°C – 315°C |
9.9 micro in/in- °F | 17.8 micro m/m- °K | |
| 32°F–1000°F 0°C–538°C | 10.2 micro in/in- °F | 18.4 micro m/m- °K | |
| Thermal conductivity | 100°C | 9.4 BTU/ft- hr – °F | 16.2 W/m – °K |
| 500°C | 12.4 BTU/ft- hr – °F | 21.5 W/m – °K | |
| Electrical properties | Electrical resistivity | 720 nΩ ∙ m | |
| Magnetic parambility | 1.02 |
| Condition | Tensile | Reduction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ultimate | Yield | Elongation | Of area | |||
| KSI | MPa | KSI | MPa | Lo | % | |
| Hot finished and annealed | 75 | 515 | 30 | 205 | 40 | 50 |
| Cold finished and annealed
(up to 13 mm) |
90 | 620 | 45 | 310 | 30 | 40 |
| Cold finished and annealed
(over 13 mm) |
75 | 515 | 30 | 205 | 30 | 40 |
| 1 / 8 Hard | 100 | 690 | 55 | 380 | 35 | — |
| 1 / 4 Hard | 125 | 860 | 75 | 515 | 10 | — |
| 1 / 2 Hard | 150 | 1035 | 110 | 760 | 7 | — |
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